Curtilage – a definition

One of the most common planning applications councils recieve is for development within the grounds of a property. In order to be considered as a householder planning application those structures need to be within the curtilage of a property.

The Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 does not include a standalone explicit definiton of “curtilage” and overtime the characterisitics that I consider when determining if it is I have collected from reading appeals and research on the internet.

My understanding is that Curtilage is considered in the UK to be the enclosed area of land adjacent to a dwelling house. A piece of ground lying immediately next to and belonging to a dwelling typically a courtyard or garden.

It can:

  • Change in location and size over time according to use
  • Include paddocks or any other land ‘useful to the domestic enjoyment of the occupants of the dwelling’
  • Be used for ‘agricultural’ and ‘horticultural’ type purposes – provided that those activities are incidental to the enjoyment of the dwelling (e.g. a market garden used for self sufficiency, an orchard where the fruit is consumed solely by the occupiers).

It categorically cannot be:

  • Separated or disconnected from the parent dwelling by a road or other means of shared or public access (e.g. a drive or footpath)
  • In separate ownership to the associated dwelling (although it can be held under separate title)
  • Be open, public or unenclosed land
  • Be defined or restricted to an imaginary line on a plan or map
  • Be restricted to a ‘de minimis’ area
  • Be used for a non domestic purpose (E.g. for farming or other commercial activity)

A google search revealed a former lawyer named Martin Goodall who wrote extensively on planning, he wrote at length about the definition of curtilage and I believe those writings are still relevant (February 2025) links below.

Curtilage Confusion

Curtilage Confusion 3

Curtilage in relation to lawful use